GDM is the most common pregnancy-related condition. Most of the time, pancreatic beta cell failure
resulting from chronic insulin resistance impairs glucose tolerance, which leads to hyperglycemia. Obesity
or being overweight, having an elderly mother, and having a family history of diabetes of any type are risk
factors for GDM.
GDM dramatically raises the fetus's risk of congenital defects, including cardiac defects, renal
abnormalities, and neurological issues. These anomalies can have long-lasting health consequences for the
child. Commonly known as birth defects, or congenital abnormalities, congenital anomalies are conditions
of prenatal origin that exist at birth and may affect the health, development, and/or life of a newborn. Before
the seventh week of pregnancy, congenital abnormalities linked to diabetes develop.
A comprehensive strategy is needed to provide the best care possible for a person with GDM. This includes
blood sugar control, dietary changes, nutritional monitoring, and weight gain management throughout
pregnancy. Diet and more exercise are the main treatments for GDM. Treatment can be accelerated with
the use of insulin, glibubride, and metformin. Standard diagnosis criteria, suitable education, and mother
counseling are required to treat the problem. We intend to look at how GDM affects the fetus in light of the
changing prognosis, prevalence, and prevention of the condition.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Foetal anomalies, Pre-conceptional blood sugar blood
glucose monitoring, exercise, insulin therapy, pregnancy, obesity, macrosomia, hyperglycemia
Publication date: 01/03/2026
https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/March/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10014.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.3.10014
