ABSTRACT

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a significant and expanding global health challenge, with projections indicating a doubling of affected individuals every five years by 2050. This neurodegenerative disorder is delineated by the accumulation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and subsequent neuronal and synaptic degeneration, leading to progressive cognitive decline. While the exact etiology of AD remains elusive, age, genetics, cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and environmental factors are recognized as key risk factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AD, encompassing epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical stages, and treatment options. Despite the absence of a cure, current pharmacological interventions aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Emerging disease-modifying treatments targeting amyloid-beta offer promise for slowing disease progression. Understanding the multifaceted nature of AD is essential for developing effective interventions and mitigating its devastating impact on individuals, families, and society. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid plaques, Neurodegeneration, risk factors, disease - modifying treatments
Publication date: 01/08/2025

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2025/August/MS_IJBPAS_2025_9283.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2025/14.8.9283