To enhance the bioavailability and absorption of drugs, scientists have created compounds
referred to as "permeation enhancers." These molecules are specifically designed to simplify
passage of drugs through biological barriers like stratum corneum. Functions of these
enhancers include increasing skin pliability, modifying lipid structures, interacting with
intracellular proteins, and enhancing drug partitioning. Formulation optimization is crucial in
the development of these enhancers, with polymers and nanoparticles playing a key role.
Scientists employ various mechanical and chemical techniques, like electroporation,
sonophoresis, laser ablation, microneedles, mechanical abrasion, thermal ablation,
iontophoresis, pressure augmentation, hyperthermia, and nanotechnology, to rise drug
penetration into body. Chemical permeation enhancers encompass surfactants, fatty acids,
esters, alcohols, terpenes, azone, sulfoxides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
lecithin, chelating agents, hydrotropes, penetration-enhancing polymers, and cyclodextrins.
Natural permeation enhancers like essential oils (e.g., peppermint, lavender, and eucalyptus)
find application in topical formulations to improve absorption of active substances by skin.
Careful formulation design is imperative to ensure both efficacy and safety. The use of
permeation enhancers represents diverse and evolving field, subject to ongoing research efforts
aimed at expanding drug delivery options and enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Keywords: Permission enhancer, stratum corneum, absorption
Publication date: 15/03/2025
https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2025/March/MS_IJBPAS_2025_MARCH_SPCL_1071.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2025/14.3.1071
