Renal stone formation is one of the oldest diseases known to human. Kidney stone disease is a crystallopathy
characterized by the formation of a solid piece of material (kidney stone) in the urinary tract. It is also known as
nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis is the third most common urological disease, accounting for about 15%
of all cases. Urolithiasis affects 7–13% of people in North America, 5–9% of people in Europe, and 1–5% of people
in Asia. Calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate are the most frequently reported stone type in India.
Hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, gout, malabsorption (inflammatory bowel disease, ileal resection
or bypass), cystic fibrosis, and renal abnormalities are all associated with an increased risk of kidney stone formation
(medullary sponge kidney, distal renal tubular acidosis, and anatomical abnormalities). Small stones do not require
much treatment; they are removed from the body by drinking plenty of water. The movement of stones causes pain,
which can be treated with pain relievers while large stones are difficult to remove even with plenty of water because
they get stuck in the renal tube. These stones can be harmful to the body because they can damage the kidneys and
cause internal bleeding, UTIs, and kidney damage. Treatment like Synthetic drugs, surgical treatment, non-surgical
treatment, herbal drugs, Ayurveda like Pashanbheda, and other herbs, are available. The present review, therefore, is
intended to provide up-to-date information on the etiology, types of stone, signs and symptoms, risk factors,
complications, mechanism of formation of stone, the composition of stone, diagnosis, and treatment.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Herbal drugs, Nephrolithiasis, Pashanbheda, Renal stone
Publication date: 01/08/2024
https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2024/August/MS_IJBPAS_2024_8246.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2024/13.8.8246
