ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and its association with depression in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), a country with abundant sunlight but emerging evidence of widespread deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, collecting data from a representative sample of 1996 participants through a validated questionnaire. The survey covered demographic information, sun exposure, dietary habits, depression assessment, and general health. Results: Despite ample sunlight, a substantial 59.0% of participants were diagnosed with Vitamin D deficiency. Notably, 22.8% reported depressive symptoms, with 9.4% having a clinical diagnosis of depression. Lifestyle factors, such as limited sun exposure and dietary practices, emerged as significant contributors to Vitamin D deficiency. Cluster analysis identified distinct groups based on lifestyle patterns, highlighting the association between Vitamin D synthesis and mental health. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and notable levels of depressive symptoms in KSA. These findings suggest an urgent need for public health initiatives to promote sun exposure and dietary improvements, alongside mental health interventions, to address the intertwined issues of Vitamin D deficiency and depression. Keywords: Vitamin D Deficiency, Depression, Saudi Arabia, Public Health, Sun Exposure, Dietary Habits, Mental Health, Cross-Sectional Study
Publication date: 01/05/2024

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2024/May/MS_IJBPAS_2024_8010.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2024/13.5.8010