ABSTRACT

The encounter of disorders associated with antibodies to neuronal enzymes caused a paradigm shift in understanding the CNS autoimmunity. The autoimmune disorders targeting the 65kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) not only comprehends type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also rather rare neurological disorders, including stiff-person syndrome (SPS), cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, and epilepsy. The patients with these autoimmune neurological disorders usually present with T1DM and suggests the presence of GAD65 antibodies. This is suggestive of autoimmune mechanisms for the development and worsening of these disorders. For better prognosis, its advanced screening and swift treatment are essential. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be a promising salvage to these autoimmune disorders as they have proven hypoimmunogenic and immunomodulatory properties along with excellent regenerative ability. These self-renewing progenitor cells can differentiate into numerous cell types under explicit conditions, which includes neurons and pancreatic beta cells. MSCs annul the proinflammatory response in autoimmune disorders, may be through paracrine secretions, and hence, can help managing the hurricane of disturbed immunity. We present a link between the mechanisms driving autoimmune neurological diseases and T1DM in this review, based on the existence of GAD65 antibodies and an MSC-mediated solution for their treatment. Keywords: GAD65 antibodies; Autoimmune neurological disorders; Type 1 diabetes; Disease correlation; Stem cell therapy; Immunization
Publication date: 01/03/2024

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2024/March/MS_IJBPAS_2024_6644.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2024/13.3.6644