ABSTRACT

zinc oxide nanoparticles are highly effective against gram-positive bacteria. Zinc oxide is used as an antimicrobial substance that fulfills all the criteria required for an element to fit human consumption. They possess the ability to destroy microbes and safeguard the health of humans. Among all the metal oxide nanoparticles that have been analyzed, the nanoparticles of zinc oxide have been found to show very high toxicity against microbes. Their mechanism of action is degradation or breakdown of cell walls and accumulation in the cell membrane. Zinc oxide alters the metabolism of the bacterial cell, causing death of bacteria. The zinc oxide nanomaterial releases free reactive oxygen radical species, which are toxic to bacteria or microorganisms. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are site or target-specific so that unwanted toxicity to the host cell can be prevented. This causes the synergistic antimicrobial effect. Now antibiotics are used in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles for high efficacy and bio-distribution, such as Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Sulbactam, Oxytetracycline, and Chloramphenicol. From the literature study conducted, we infer that high efficiency is seen in combining antibiotic drugs with zinc oxide nanoparticles of various sizes and morphology. Furthermore, experiments on particle size, morphology, concentration, and surface modification can effectively control severe bacterial infection. Keywords: Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Sol-gel method; Drug delivery, Target-specific
Publication date: 01/01/2023

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2023/January/MS_IJBPAS_2023_6794.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2023/12.1.6794