Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is among the most common disorder that is faced by the majority of
the population. It is a set of conditions characterized by a rise in the level of glucose in the
blood because of the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin or insulin resistance by the
body. There are two common types of diabetes, type-1 diabetes mellitus, and type-2 diabetes
mellitus. Other types include gestational diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the
young (MODY) as well as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Furthermore, a
marked increase in blood glucose levels may cause acute complications like diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and hypoglycemia as well as
serious complications like microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and
neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and
peripheral vascular/arterial disease). Numerous medications have been employed for the
management of diabetes mellitus and its complications, which range from allopathic like
meglitinides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4), thiazolidinediones, sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2). Apart from that, phytochemicals have emerged as a
potential therapy worldwide due to their efficacy, fewer side effects, and cost-effective
benefits. Phytochemicals are classes of compounds found naturally in plants that,
importantly, benefit humans, such as alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenoids,
flavonoids, and steroids. In the last few years, many phytochemicals (quercetin, kaempferol, mangiferin, curcuminoids) have been reported to produce therapeutic effects in diabetes
mellitus.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, phytochemicals, complications, glucose
Publication date: 01/11/2022
https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2022/November/MS_IJBPAS_2022_6574.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2022/11.11.6574
