ABSTRACT

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder also known as autoimmune diabetes and is characterized by the identification of one or more ? cell proteins as an autoantigen (also known as self-antigen) by the immune system of the patient with the same disorder, i.e., CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and/or autoantibodies (self-reactive B cell products). Depending on ?-cell-specificity, these autoantigens (AAs) are categorized into two groups. The list of target autoantigen in this autoimmune disorder is continuously rising and remains to be developed. Many autoantigens which are related to this disorder are well studied and play important role in the prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Its identification helps in understanding pathogenesis and the clinical aspects of the same disorder. Since numerous splendid reviews have completed previously confirmed autoantigens which are associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, here we will discuss some newly identified Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated autoantigens that are islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), chromogranin A (CgA), pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). This review will discuss their identity, structure, genetics, biology, and its relation to diabetes. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, Autoantigens, Structure, ? cells, Immunogenicity
Publication date: 01/11/2022

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2022/November/MS_IJBPAS_2022_6564.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2022/11.11.6564