Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that beings in lymphocytes,
especially the white blood cell (WBC). The bone marrow synthesizes plenty of
underdeveloped lymphocytes called lymphoblasts. The lymphoblasts in large numbers crowd
out other blood stem cells, normal blood cells platelets, and WBC causing the blood to
malfunction. The treatment and diagnosis of ALL depend on age, gender, symptoms, signs,
and other factors. ALL is found in bone marrow, blood, and organs such as the testicles or the
Central Nervous System (CNS). This paper concentrates on the different methods used for a
long time and other novel treatment modalities used for ALL. The ALL-treatment techniques
can be categorized into three phases. The major techniques used for treatment are
chemotherapy, enzyme therapy, steroids, plant alkaloid therapy, radiation therapy, targeted
therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants. Each modality of treatment is different
based on the characteristics of the disease. For instance, chemotherapy targets the cells,
enzyme therapy targets the asparagine amino acid, steroids, and plant alkaloids target the cell
cycle, targeted therapy affects Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, immunotherapy targets CARs
(Chimeric Antigen Receptor) and CDs, and stem cell therapy improves the immune system
and avoids relapse of the disease ALL.
Keywords: ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia); Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy,
stem cell transplant, Plant alkaloid therapy; steroids; Philadelphia chromosome
Publication date: 01/08/2022
https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2022/August/MS_IJBPAS_2022_6315.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2022/11.8.6315
