ABSTRACT

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 has now spread all over the globe infecting millions of people. According to the latest update by World Health Organization (WHO), till date, more than 150 million are infected and around 3 million people have died due to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) has been found as the causative agent for COVID-19. The virus is considered as zoonotic in nature and is believed to be originated from bats. The intermediate host between bats and humans has not been confirmed yet. In twenty-first century, SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus to be of pandemic potential after severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus and middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which have caused infection in the year 2002 and 2012, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 infects the lower respiratory tract and causes lung damage manifesting as ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). The current review provides brief information on SARS-CoV-2, its origin, intermediate host, routes of transmission, clinical features and prognosis of COVID19. The study attempted to summarize the pathogenesis of COVID-19, focussing on the entry and life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and information about the immune response initiated with the impact of dysfunctional immune response with the progression of the disease. Further it gives an insight into the possible pharmacological treatment, their mechanism of action and antiviral vaccine methods which are being employed for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Pathogenesis, Immune response, Treatment, Vaccine
Publication date: 01/03/2022

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2022/March/MS_IJBPAS_2022_5930.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2022/11.3.5930