ABSTRACT

One fourth of the indian population still consumes tobacco in one form or the other. There are clear gender variations in the usage of tobacco products. Incidence of tobacco use is higher in lower socioeconomic individuals. Poor periodontal health is one of the many consequences of tobacco habits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different types of periodontal diseases of the patients with tobacco smoking and chewing habits. This university setting study involved a sample size of 2,178 patients. Data was tabulated with parameters of age, sex, habit and various types of periodontal diseases. The data was imported into spss for statistical analysis, the data was analyzed using chi square test. The total sample size of this study was 2,178 patients with the use of tobacco habits among them 87.8% of the patients were male and 12.17% were females. Among three categories of habits which is smoking, smokeless tobacco and both smoking and smokeless tobacco habit; male had a higher rate with 66.21% , 15.89% and 5.74% respectively, females were commonly only involved in smokeless habits with a rate of 11.89% and both males and females were mostly affected with generalised chronic gingivitis with 43.71%. Among the age groups the smoking as well as smokeless habit was common in all age groups although it was highest among the age group of 21-30years with smoking habit being 20.66%, smokeless tobacco habit being 8.22% and patients with both smokeless and smoking habit being 1.79%, also the age group 21-30years were mostly affected with generalised chronic gingivitis (22.77%) and the age group 51-60 years were mostly affected with generalised chronic periodontitis (8.91%). With respect to association between periodontal diseases and habits, generalised chronic gingivitis was mostly seen in all three groups (31.36%, 17.45% & 2.53%) followed by generalised chronic periodontitis (20.06%, 4.41%, 1.70%). Within the limit of the study, we can conclude that the tobacco use has direct effect on the periodontium as most commonly the patients were affected with generalised chronic gingivitis followed by generalised chronic periodontitis, with males mostly affected and among the age of 21-30yrs. There is a need for further longitudinal studies in a large number of populations to assess the relationship of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption with periodontal disease. Keywords: Gingivitis; Periodontitis; Smoking, Smokeless Tobacco
Publication date: 01/08/2021

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2021/10.8.1058