ABSTRACT

The various associations of microorganisms and their combined genome found on and within the body comprises the microbiome which makes vital contributions to the human metabolic and immune functions thereby having a significant impact on the host health. Genetic variations in the host can lead to alterations in pathogen sensitivity and gut microbiome composition (dysbiosis) which are being unraveled by genome- wide association studies (GWAS). The resulting dysbiosis of the gut microbiome can lead to an imbalance of the microbe-host homeostasis and cause gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis as well as extra-intestinal disorders such as asthma, obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, neurological disturbances and rheumatoid arthritis. From various articles it can be concluded that the existence of a particular taxa is mainly controlled by the host genetics whereas the environmental and dietary factors are responsible for the abundance of each taxon. On comparing the studies analysing the faecal microbial communities as obtained from the human subjects we can arrive at the fact that more similar the genome, more similar will be the membership of the gut microbial community. However, despite the progress there are challenges which are encountered during the analysis such as the effect of environment which masks the effect of genetic variants or the increased microbiome structure complexity. Linking the host genetics and individual microbial composition may help us pave a way for the potential therapies aimed at modulation of the gut microbiota and personalized medicine. Keywords: Host genetics, gut microbiota, GWAS, heritability
Publication date: 01/08/21

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2021/August/MS_IJBPAS_2021_5592.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2021/10.8.5592