ABSTRACT

Traditional antimicrobials are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. To overcome these deficiencies, a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections are under investigation as potential alternative treatments. Multidrug efflux is a key target of these efforts Multidrug resistance (MDR) has expanded dramatically in a broad range of organisms from bacteria to humans resulting in a global increase in life threatening infections and deaths. Multidrug resistance in bacteria may be generated by one of two mechanisms. First, multidrug resistance may occur by the increased expression of genes that code for multidrug efflux pumps, extruding a wide range of drugs. Second, these bacteria may accumulate multiple genes, each coding for resistance to a single drug, within a single cell. This accumulation occurs typically on resistance (R) plasmids. There is a high medical need to systematically explore the etiology and principles as well as to devise strategies leading to implementation of effective countermeasures. Efflux mechanisms are broadly recognized as major components of resistance to many classes of chemotherapeutic agents as well as antimicrobials. In recent years, there are many classes of efflux pump inhibitors has been reported. Some of these efflux pump inhibitors are synthetic while some of them are natural inhibitors. Some plants show potential efflux pump inhibitor activity along with some antibiotics and shows effect on many efflux pumps. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and the new approaches for Multidrug resistance. Keywords: Multidrug resistance, efflux pump inhibitors, antibiotics, Escherichia coli

https://ijbpas.com/pdf/2018/February/1517633347MS IJBPAS 2018 4367.pdf

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